Beauty Professional

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics tracks hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists under SOC code 39-5012. As of May 2025 OEWS data, the median annual wage is $35,790 ($17.21/hr), with 305,710 workers employed nationwide. BLS projects employment to grow 5.6% from 2024 to 2034, with about 75,800 openings expected each year.

Key Takeaways

• Median pay: $35,790 per year ($17.21/hr)
• Top 10% earn: more than $71,190 per year ($34.23/hr)
• Entry-level (bottom 10%): under $27,040 per year ($13.00/hr)
• Projected growth: 5.6% from 2024 to 2034
• Annual job openings: ~75,800 per year through 2034
• Workers employed nationwide: 305,710
• Highest-paying state: Washington (median $59,510)
• State with most workers: California (27,080 employed)
  
  

Sources: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025; BLS Employment Projections, 2024-2034. Last reviewed June 8, 2026.

Quick answer: Training as a beauty professional usually takes about 9 to 18 months of training, and many programs finish in under 2 years. You pick a specialty (cosmetology, esthetics, nails, or barbering), complete a state-approved program, log supervised hands-on hours, and then pass a state license exam, often built on the National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology (NIC) tests. No college degree is required, and training costs vary by program and school. The median wage for hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists is $35,790 per year ($17.21/hour), with about 75,800 openings nationwide each year (BLS, May 2025).

Beauty professionals provide services like hair, skin care, makeup, nails, and barbering, working in salons, spas, resorts, or independently as freelancers. Many specialize in one area, while others combine several. If you enjoy creative, hands-on work and helping clients look and feel their best, this is a flexible career you can enter without a four-year degree.

How to Become a Beauty Professional

Most people enter the field in about 9 to 18 months, depending on the specialty and the training hours their state requires. There is no single national path. Instead, you choose a focus, complete an approved program, log supervised practice, and pass your state’s licensing exam.

• Finish high school or earn a GED
  
  

A high school diploma or GED is the baseline requirement to enroll in an approved beauty program, and most states tie licensing to graduating from an accredited school. Before you start, it helps to build a few skills the work depends on every day: clear communication for talking with clients, an eye for color and proportion, and basic comfort with scheduling and money handling. Art, design, and any hands-on or technical classes are good preparation, and a business or marketing elective pays off later if you ever rent a chair or run your own studio. If you are changing careers and already hold a diploma or a degree in another field, you can move straight to choosing a specialty. Many strong beauty professionals come from unrelated backgrounds and bring useful customer-service, sales, or organizational skills with them.

• Choose your specialty
  
  

Beauty is a broad field, and the specialty you pick shapes your program, your license, and your day-to-day work. The main paths are cosmetology (hair cutting, coloring, and styling, often with some skin and nail work), esthetics (facials, skin care, and waxing), nail technology (manicures, pedicures, and nail art), and barbering (men’s grooming, cutting, and classic styling). Each has its own required training hours and its own state exam, and they are usually licensed separately, so it pays to decide early. If you are unsure, many schools offer combined programs, such as cosmetology plus esthetics, that let you train in more than one area and broaden the services you can offer. Visit a few schools, talk to working professionals, and shadow in a salon or spa if you can, so you choose a path that fits the kind of work you actually enjoy.

• Complete a state-approved beauty program
  
  

This is the core of your training, and your state board must approve the school for your hours to count toward licensure. Programs typically run 9 to 18 months depending on the specialty and whether you attend full or part time. Coursework covers sanitation and infection control, anatomy and skin or hair science, product chemistry, and the hands-on techniques specific to your specialty. When comparing schools, look for accreditation from the National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts & Sciences (NACCAS), which reviews beauty and cosmetology schools against recognized standards. Costs vary by program and school, so request tuition, kit, and exam-fee details directly and ask about financial aid and payment plans. The Professional Beauty Association (PBA) is a useful industry resource for understanding the field while you study.

• Complete supervised hands-on training
  
  

Classroom theory only takes you so far, and licensing boards want to see real practice. Most programs build supervised clinic hours into the curriculum, where you work on real clients under instructor supervision in a student salon. This is where you build the speed, consistency, and chair-side communication that employers expect, and where you log the training hours your state requires before you can sit for the exam. Treat every client like a paying customer: practice consultations, sanitation, and clean finishing work, not just the technical cut or treatment. Keep a record of services you are confident performing, and if your school allows it, build a simple portfolio of before-and-after photos. That portfolio and your hands-on reputation often matter more to a hiring salon than your final grade.

• Pass your state licensing exam
  
  

In nearly every state you must hold a license to work independently as a beauty professional. After you finish your required hours, you apply through your state board and sit for an exam that usually has a written portion and a practical portion. Many states use exams developed by the National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology (NIC), which writes standardized cosmetology and esthetics licensure tests used across much of the country. The written test covers theory, safety, and state rules, while the practical test asks you to perform services on a model or mannequin. Each state sets its own required hours, fees, and renewal schedule, so check your state board’s site early so nothing surprises you on exam day. Once you pass, you receive your license and can begin working in that state.

• Start and grow your career
  
  

With a license in hand, you can find a role in a salon, spa, or resort, or start building a freelance clientele. Early on, a salon job gives you steady traffic, mentorship, and a chance to grow a book of repeat clients. Tailor your application to the kind of work the shop does, bring your portfolio, and be ready to demonstrate a service. As you gain experience, you can add advanced certifications in areas like color, lashes, or specialized skin care, rent a chair to keep more of your earnings, or open your own studio. Professionals who build a loyal clientele and keep up with new products and techniques often earn well above the median, especially in busy markets.

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What Do Beauty Professionals Do?

Beauty professionals can specialize in hair, skincare, makeup, or nails, or combine them all. Typical roles include:

• Cosmetologists: Hair cutting, coloring, and styling
• Estheticians: Skincare treatments, facials, and waxing
• Nail Technicians: Manicures, pedicures, and nail art
• Makeup Artists: Bridal, film, or special event makeup
• Barbers: Men’s grooming and classic styling
  
  

They often work in salons, spas, resorts, or as independent freelancers.

Skills That Make Great Beauty Pros

• Artistic creativity and attention to detail
• Communication and client service
• Good hygiene and professionalism
• Business and marketing sense (for salon owners)
• Continuous learning and adaptability
  
  

Beauty is an art and a business. The best professionals master both.

Education and Licensing Paths

Specialty Typical Duration Outcome Nail Technology Shorter program Nail tech license Esthetics Varies by state Esthetician license Cosmetology 9 to 18 months Cosmetology license Barbering 9 to 18 months Barber license

Each specialty is licensed separately, and required training hours are set by your state board.

State Licensing Requirements

Licensing Rules Vary, But Most States Require

• Minimum age of 16-18
• Completion of required training hours (1,000-1,800 )
• Passing a written and practical exam
• Renewal every 1-2 years
  
  

Explore Your State’s Guide Here

All State Licensing Pages

Career Growth and Advancement

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With experience, beauty professionals can move into roles such as:

• Specialist in color, lashes, skin care, or another high-demand service
• Chair renter or booth renter who keeps more of each service fee
• Salon or spa owner who builds and manages a team
• Educator or platform artist who trains others and represents brands
  
  

Why Choose Beauty School?

Beauty school offers hands-on, career-ready training with flexible schedules and a direct route to self-employment.

Pros

• Creative and social work environment
• Quick training (often under 2 years)
• High flexibility: full-time, part-time, or freelance
• Clear, license-based entry path
  
  

Cons

• Physically demanding (standing all day)
• Inconsistent income early on
• Requires ongoing trend and product education
  
  

Quick Facts: Beauty Professional Salary, Education, and Outlook

Median Pay $35,790 $17.21/hr Top 10%: $71,190

Job Outlook (2024-2034) 5.6% 75,800 openings/yr

Employment (2025) 305,710

Wage Percentiles 25th $30,120 75th $48,830

Typical Education Postsecondary nondegree award

On-the-Job Training None

Highest Paying States WashingtonOregonDistrict of Columbia

Top Industries Cross-industry

Certification State license required

2025 data | SOC 39-5012 | Source: BLS OEWS

What hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists earn across the pay scale Use this chart on your site (free)

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Industry Organizations & Certifying Bodies

These are the recognized national organizations, unions, certifying bodies, and regulatory authorities that shape this trade. They issue the credentials, sponsor the apprenticeships, publish the codes, and represent workers and employers.

• National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology (NIC) Develops state cosmetology and esthetics licensure exams.
• Professional Beauty Association (PBA) Industry trade association.
• National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts & Sciences (NACCAS) Accredits beauty and cosmetology schools.
  
  

Wage and Employment Charts

Top-paying states for hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists Use this chart on your site (free)

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Workplace Safety Snapshot

BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses data (2023-2024) report approximately 9.1 days-away, restricted, or transfer cases per 10,000 full-time-equivalent workers in hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists (about 0.09 per 100 FTE). Source: BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, Table R98.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does beauty professional training take?

Most beauty programs take about 9 to 18 months of full-time study, and many can be finished in under 2 years. The exact length depends on your specialty and the training hours your state requires before you can sit for the licensing exam.

Do you need a college degree to work as a beauty professional?

No. A college degree is not required. Most people enter the field through a state-approved cosmetology, esthetics, nail, or barbering program. A high school diploma or GED is typically the only educational prerequisite to enroll.

How much does beauty school cost?

Costs vary widely by program, specialty, and school. Request tuition, kit, and exam-fee details directly from the schools you are considering, and ask about financial aid and payment plans before you enroll.

Do you need a license to work as a beauty professional?

In nearly every state, yes. Most states require you to complete a set number of training hours at an approved school and pass a written and practical exam, often built on the National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology (NIC) exams, before you can work independently.

Is training as a beauty professional hard?

Entry is accessible because no degree is required and training is relatively short. The work itself is demanding, with long hours on your feet, steady client service, and a need to keep up with new products and techniques after you are licensed.

How much do beauty professionals earn?

The median wage for hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists is $35,790 per year, or about $17.21 per hour (BLS, May 2025). Pay varies by location, specialty, clientele, and tips, and experienced professionals who build a loyal client base often earn well above the median.

Can you go to beauty school online?

Some beauty programs offer theory coursework online, but every state requires a large number of supervised hands-on hours that must be completed in person at an approved school. Confirm a program's accreditation and your state board's hour requirements before enrolling.

How Beauty Professional Pay Compares to Similar Trades

Side-by-side comparison of Beauty & Cosmetology and the closest related careers, based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data (May 2025 OEWS 2024-2034 Employment Projections).

Career Median Pay 10-Year Growth Annual Openings Beauty & Cosmetology this guide $35,790 5.6% 75,800 Beauty & Cosmetology $35,790 5.6% 75,800 Esthetician $45,330 6.7% 14,500 Massage Therapy $58,450 15.4% 24,700

Source: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics BLS Employment Projections.

Related Careers

• Beauty & Cosmetology
• Esthetician
• Massage Therapy
  
  

Sources

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2025)
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2024-2034
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (2023-2024, Table R98)
• U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, Davis-Bacon General Wage Determinations (2026)
  
  

Beauty Professional Salary by State

BLS OEWS, May 2025

Filter states

State Median annual Top 10% annual Virginia N/A N/A District of Columbia $54,570 $130,950 Washington $59,510 $99,970 Colorado $37,690 $98,860 Michigan $34,820 $95,370 New Jersey $36,150 $92,090 New York $35,760 $88,540 Vermont $48,650 $80,530 Massachusetts $37,290 $79,330 Georgia $34,560 $79,170 Minnesota $39,170 $78,880 North Dakota $34,850 $77,800 Kansas $29,710 $77,790 South Carolina $33,700 $77,430 Ohio $36,260 $77,330 Oregon $57,580 $76,810 Kentucky $29,840 $76,170 Delaware $34,350 $75,950 Utah $35,140 $75,860 Montana $38,000 $75,440 Hawaii $35,040 $73,820 Nebraska $34,320 $73,740 Maryland $36,420 $72,940 Connecticut $44,620 $72,620 Pennsylvania $36,790 $68,750 California $38,660 $68,640 Nevada $33,840 $64,300 Maine $44,000 $63,640 South Dakota $49,800 $61,900 North Carolina $38,410 $61,530 Oklahoma $29,650 $60,390 West Virginia $34,480 $60,300 Texas $30,680 $59,730 Wisconsin $36,230 $58,970 Illinois $34,040 $58,960 Mississippi $27,560 $58,790 Indiana $32,830 $58,620 Missouri $30,750 $58,530 Florida $29,530 $58,320 New Hampshire $34,650 $58,210 Tennessee $31,310 $58,000 Arizona $36,810 $57,790 Alabama $29,150 $56,700 Wyoming $29,170 $56,640 Iowa $35,700 $56,250 Alaska $32,150 $55,850 New Mexico $37,750 $52,560 Arkansas $28,830 $49,990 Idaho $35,480 $48,000 Rhode Island $31,200 $38,630 Louisiana $26,030 $33,900

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025.